Francis Walsingham - Wikipedia. Sir Francis Walsingham (c. A committed Protestant, during the reign of the Catholic Queen Mary I of England he joined other expatriates in exile in Switzerland and northern Italy until Mary's death and the accession of her Protestant half- sister, Elizabeth. The Campaign of Tewkesbury. Edward had no illusions that his troubles were yet at an end. Contrary winds had delayed Margaret of. Colonial Heritage HISTORIC GENEALOGY COLONIAL IMMIGRANTS Plotting Our Ancestors' Lives. In 1592 Raleigh acquired the manor of Sherborne in Dorset. He wanted to settle and found a family. His marriage to Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Nicholas Throckmorton. Walsingham rose from relative obscurity to become one of the small coterie who directed the Elizabethan state, overseeing foreign, domestic and religious policy. He served as English ambassador to France in the early 1. St. Bartholomew's Day massacre. As principal secretary, he supported exploration, colonization, the use of England's maritime strength and the plantation of Ireland. He worked to bring Scotland and England together. Overall, his foreign policy demonstrated a new understanding of the role of England as a maritime, Protestant power in an increasingly global economy. He oversaw operations that penetrated Spanish military preparation, gathered intelligence from across Europe, disrupted a range of plots against Elizabeth and secured the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots. Early years. William was a successful, well- connected and wealthy London lawyer who died in 1. Joyce was the daughter of courtier Sir Edmund Denny and the sister of Sir Anthony Denny, who was the principal gentleman of King Henry VIII's privy chamber. Many wealthy Protestants, such as John Foxe and John Cheke, fled England, and Walsingham was among them. He continued his studies in law at the universities of Basel and Padua. Walsingham returned to England and through the support of one of his fellow former exiles, Francis Russell, 2nd Earl of Bedford, he was elected to Elizabeth's first parliament as the member for Bossiney, Cornwall, in 1. He chose to sit for Lyme Regis. Barbe, widow of Sir Richard Worsley, and Walsingham acquired her estates of Appuldurcombe and Carisbrooke Priory on the Isle of Wight. Walsingham's other two stepsons, Ursula's sons John and George, were killed in a gunpowder accident at Appuldurcombe in 1.
He was instrumental in the collapse of the Ridolfi plot, which hoped to replace Elizabeth with the Catholic Mary, Queen of Scots. Later that year, he succeeded Sir Henry Norris as English ambassador in Paris. The marriage plan was eventually dropped on the grounds of Henry's Catholicism. When Catholic opposition to this course in France resulted in the death of Huguenot leader Gaspard de Coligny and the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre, Walsingham's house in Paris became a temporary sanctuary for Protestant refugees, including Philip Sidney. She gave birth to a second girl, Mary, in January 1. Walsingham was still in France. Smith retired in 1. Walsingham in effective control of the privy seal, though he was not formally invested as Lord Privy Seal. He was involved directly with English policy towards Spain, the Netherlands, Scotland, Ireland and France, and embarked on several diplomatic missions to neighbouring European states. The venture was calculated to promote the Protestant interest by embarrassing and weakening the Spanish, as well as to seize Spanish treasure. He returned to England without an agreement. Elizabeth was past the age of childbearing and had no clear successor. If she died while married to the French heir, her realms could fall under French control. Bartholomew's Day massacre, the . Walsingham replied with a discourse on the topic that . A granddaughter born in November 1. Elizabeth after the Queen, who was one of two godparents along with Sidney's uncle, Robert Dudley, 1st Earl of Leicester. The letters indicated a conspiracy among the Catholic powers to invade England and displace Elizabeth with Mary, Queen of Scots. Walsingham's contact reported that Francis Throckmorton, a nephew of Walsingham's old friend Nicholas Throckmorton, had visited the ambassador, Michel de Castelnau. The Act for the Surety of the Queen's Person, passed by Parliament in March 1. Queen. Mary was misled into thinking these secret letters were secure, while in reality they were deciphered and read by Walsingham's agents. Davison passed the warrant to Cecil and a privy council convened by Cecil without Elizabeth's knowledge agreed to carry out the sentence as soon as was practical. Within a week, Mary was beheaded. Davison was arrested and imprisoned in the Tower of London. Walsingham's share of Elizabeth's displeasure was small because he was absent from court, at home ill, in the weeks just before and after the execution. On Walsingham's instructions, the English ambassador in Turkey, William Harborne, attempted unsuccessfully to persuade the Ottoman Sultan to attack Spanish possessions in the Mediterranean in the hope of distracting Spanish forces. Walsingham received regular dispatches from the English naval forces. His name appears on a modern monument in the crypt listing the important graves lost. An Allegory of the Tudor Succession was a gift from Elizabeth to Walsingham. The bottom of the picture is inscribed . His primary residences, apart from the court, were in Seething Lane by the Tower of London (now the site of a Victorian office building called Walsingham House), at Barn Elms in Surrey and at Odiham in Hampshire. Nothing remains of any of his houses. After his death, his friends reflected that poor bookkeeping had left him further in the Crown's debt than was fair. In 1. 61. 1, the Crown's debts to him were calculated at over . Ursula, Lady Walsingham, continued to live at Barn Elms with a staff of servants until her death in 1. After Walsingham's death, Sir John Davies composed an acrostic poem in his memory. Charles Nicholl examined (and rejected) such theories in The Reckoning: The Murder of Christopher Marlowe (1. Anthony Burgess for his novel A Dead Man in Deptford (1. It fictionalizes him as irreligious and sexually ambiguous. Both Stephen Murray in the 1. BBC series Elizabeth R and Patrick Malahide in the 2. Channel Four miniseries Elizabeth I play him as a dour official. In 1. 99. 1, Professor John Bossy of the University of York argued in his work Giordano Bruno and the Embassy Affair that Fagot was Bruno. A Cambridge Alumni Database. University of Cambridge. Adams et al.; Cooper, p. Adams et al.; Cooper, p. Conyers Read quoted in Adams et al.^e. Adams et al.; Hutchinson, p. Adams et al.; Hutchinson, p. Adams et al.; Hutchinson, pp. Hutchinson, p. 1. Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. Adams et al.; Hutchinson, pp. Journal of Ecclesiastical History. Journal of Modern History. Adams et al.; Cooper, pp. Quoted in Cooper, p. Adams et al.; Wilson, p. Hutchinson, p. 7. Adams et al.; Hutchinson, p. Adams et al.; Cooper, p. Hutchinson, pp. Friedman; Elizabeth S. The Shakespearean Ciphers Examined: An Analysis of Cryptographic Systems Used as Evidence that Some Author Other Than William Shakespeare Wrote the Plays Commonly Attributed to Him. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 5. Spenserians. cath. Retrieved 6 August 2. Quoted in Hutchinson, p. May 2. 00. 9, doi: 1. Cooper, John (2. 01. The Queen's Agent: Francis Walsingham at the Court of Elizabeth I. London: Faber & Faber. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 5. Fraser, Antonia (1. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 0- 2. 97- 1. Hutchinson, Robert (2. Elizabeth's Spy Master: Francis Walsingham and the Secret War that Saved England. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 2. Latham, Bethany (2. Elizabeth I in Film and Television: A Study of the Major Portrayals. Jefferson, NC: Mc. Farland. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 7. Parker, Geoffrey (2. The Grand Strategy of Philip II. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 3. Rozett, Martha Tuck (2. Constructing a World: Shakespeare's England and the New Historical Fiction. Albany, NY: SUNY Press. ISBN 0- 7. 91. 4- 5. Spielvogel, Jackson J. Boston, MA: Wadsworth. ISBN 9. 78- 1- 1. Wilson, Derek (2. Sir Francis Walsingham: A Courtier in an Age of Terror. New York, NY: Carroll & Graf. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 7. Further reading. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0- 3. 00- 0. Budiansky, Stephen (2. Her Majesty's Spymaster: Elizabeth I, Sir Francis Walsingham, and the Birth of Modern Espionage. ISBN 9. 78- 0- 6. Haynes, Alan (2. 00. Walsingham: Elizabethan Spymaster & Statesman. Stroud, Glos.: Sutton. ISBN 0- 7. 50. 9- 3. Read, Conyers (1. The English Historical Review. Read, Conyers (1. Mr Secretary Walsingham and the Policy of Queen Elizabeth. Oxford: Clarendon Press (an exhaustive three- volume biography that is still valuable despite its age).
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